Autism
Autism is a complex disability that is present at birth or very early development. It affects behaviors such as social interaction, ability to communicate feelings or ideas, self regulation and ability to develop relationships with others. No precise cause of autism has been found, nor is there a cure. However it is known that this disorder affects the developing brain.
Autism is estimated to occur in 1 in 166 people. It is four times more prevalent in boys than in girls. It knows no racial, ethical and social boundaries. Family income, lifestyle and educational level do not affect a child’s chances of being autistic. Frequently it is referred to as a spectrum disorder, because the severity of symptoms varies among people. Three diagnosis’ within this spectrum are autism, Asperger Syndrome and Pervasive Developmental Disorder, not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS).
Diagnosis of autism is typically done by a developmental pediatrician, pediatric neurologist, child psychiatrist or child psychologist. Diagnosis can also be achieved through a team evaluation by the above specialists. Other people on this team may include individuals from other disciplines such as a speech therapist.
Just as the manifestations of autism are variable, so are the treatments. What is effective for one individual may be different than what works for another. Among the options for treatment are intensive behavior therapies, special diets, speech therapy, occupational therapy, picture communication programs, assistive technology devices, social interaction programs and medications. Whatever the intervention, the earlier it’s implemented, the better the outcome.
The classic signs of autism may include:
• The appearance of being deaf
• Being an extremely “good” baby and content to be alone, OR a fussy baby that is not easily comforted
• Engagement in self stimulatory behavior, such as gazing through fingers in light
• Being a fussy eater
• Not having an anticipatory response – example, not holding arms out to be picked up
• Avoidance of looking at people
• Absence of talking or communicating at an early age
• A high tolerance for pain
• Getting easily upset by changes in routine or with transitions
• Lack of imitation of play skills normal for other children
• Not pointing at objects
• Extreme sensory sensitivity
* Information provided by the Autism Society of Minnesota and the Autism Society of America
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